Traits #1
This is an initial example of Traits in Rust. There are more complicated examples than this but to get started this is a nice way to understand how to create a Trait and how to use it.
Try the code:
Try this code in Rust Playground : https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=6e50061eff5ac64ceed63bd55ff767e6
#[allow(dead_code)]
trait ShapeUtils {
fn area(&self) -> f64;
}
struct Circle {
cx: u8,
cy: u8,
r: f64,
}
impl ShapeUtils for Circle {
fn area(&self) -> f64 {
self.r * self.r * 3.14
}
}
struct Rectangle {
rl: f64,
rw: f64,
}
impl ShapeUtils for Rectangle {
fn area(&self) -> f64 {
self.rl * self.rw
}
}
fn main() {
let myrectangle: Rectangle = Rectangle { rl: 10.1, rw: 5.0 };
let mr = myrectangle.area();
println!("Area of my rectangle {:?}", mr);
let mycircle: Circle = Circle {
cx: 8,
cy: 8,
r: 10.0,
};
let mc = mycircle.area();
println!("Area of my circle {:?}", mc);
}Note how the definition part on line 4 is the same as the definition inside each impl ?
fn area(&self) -> f64The trait allows us to calculate the area irrespective of which shape we are trying to calculate the area of – we get the correct area returned regardless of what type of shape we use.
This example is partially based on an example in a Book called “Rust Crash Course” by Abhishek Kumar which I can really recommend.
I first started to learn Rust with the Linkedin Course by Barron Stone, and have now added this book to give a fresh perspective on some of the topics.
This message will be printed for either struct type (Circle or Rectangle) when “print_shape” is called
Adding a default implementation of the Trait’s methods
If there is no custom implementation then this will run instead
trait ShapeUtils {
fn area(&self) -> f64;
// Add a default implementation to the Trait's methods
fn print_shape(&self){
println!("default implementation says : \"This is a geometric shape\"");
}
}
struct Circle {
cx: u8,
cy: u8,
r: f64,
}
impl ShapeUtils for Circle {
fn area(&self) -> f64 {
self.r * self.r * 3.14
}
}
struct Rectangle {
rl: f64,
rw: f64,
}
impl ShapeUtils for Rectangle {
fn area(&self) -> f64 {
self.rl * self.rw
}
}
fn main() {
let myrectangle: Rectangle = Rectangle { rl: 10.1, rw: 5.0 };
let mr = myrectangle.area();
println!("{:?}", mr);
let mycircle: Circle = Circle {
cx: 8,
cy: 8,
r: 10.0,
};
let mc = mycircle.area();
println!("{:?}", mc);
// default message - because there is no custom implementation of print shape
mycircle.print_shape();
myrectangle.print_shape();
}
